Solid drawing generally refers to the ability to render a three-dimensional character in two-dimensional space and give it weight, depth, and balance. Since the 12 Basic Principles of Animation were written before computer animation existed, the solid drawing principle is more fundamental for a traditional animator. In order to make his animation convincing, a traditional animator has to be able to draw a character from any angle. Although great draughtsmanship is not a necessity for a computer animator, an understanding of what makes a good drawing can definitely help. Maybe in this computer age, we should call this principle “Solid Poses.” I recommend life drawing for every animator—not so much for the goal of making beautiful drawings, but to train the eye to recognize natural poses and to study how bones, muscles, and fat work together with gravity to form dynamic poses. When I started at Disney on The Fox and the Hound, my mentor Eric Larson (one of Walt’s “Nine Old Men”) stressed that you should spend half your time planning and half your time animating, and that you shouldn’t start animating until you know exactly what you’re going to do. The fastest way to plan a scene is with thumbnail drawings—small exploratory drawings where you work out the staging and poses. You can do quite a few quick thumbnails in the time it takes to work out one good pose in Maya. Here are some of my thumbnail drawings of Danny and Sawyer from Cats Don’t Dance:
Line of Action
A strong line of action goes through the whole body, illustrates the force of the action, unifies the pose, and makes a clear statement. When possible, I try to reverse the curve of the spine from one main pose to the next. Here’s an example from a scene I animated for The Little Mermaid:
Weight and Balance
I think about the effect of gravity on the character and how he’s supporting himself. Make sure he’s in balance and isn’t on the verge of falling over, unless that’s part of the scene.Twinning
It’s best to avoid symmetry in a pose. If the arms mirror one another, it can make the drawing look flat. Raise one arm or bring it closer to camera to make it more interesting and more dimensional. Here’s a great example from The Illusion of Life, by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston.
Silhouette
A clear silhouette helps the viewer to instantly understand a pose. You can get a surprising amount of information from just the silhouette—the gender, age, attitude, costume, etc. Hopefully you can recognize the character in these silhouettes:
Twists
Twisting the body tends to give more dimension and interest to the pose. This is a drawing of Timon (by me) from a Disney educational film:
Contrapposto (counterpose in English)
When the hips tilt in one direction, the shoulders tend to tilt in the opposite direction to keep the body in balance. Wait, did I just put my cartoon drawing next to one of the greatest masterpieces of western art?
